Monday, May 26, 2014
Coal
mining process is largely determined by the geological elements of coal sludge
. In general , there are two coal mining process , they are :
UNDERGROUND MINE
At
the mine room and pillar mining, sediment mined coal by cutting a network of
space into the coal seam and let the pillars of coal to support the roof of the
mine . In this method , coal mining can also be done by the so-called retreat
mining ( mining backward ) , where the coal is taken from the pillars when the
miners back to the top . The roof of the mine collapsed and then left the mine
was abandoned .
Include
longwall coal mining in full of a part layer or face, using mechanical shearers
. Mining with this method , require geological studies that support and careful
planning , prior to start mining . Once the coal is taken out of the area , the
roof of the mine and then allowed to collapse .
The
main advantage of the mine room and pillar mining than longwall mine is , mine
room and pillar mining coal can start producing much faster , using moving
equipment supply costs less than $ 5 million ( longwall mining equipment could
reach 50 million dollars ) .
SURFACE MINE
Rock
surface consisting of soil and rock were first separated with explosives . The
rocks are then transported to the surface using a pulley puller or by shovel
and truck . Once the coal seam is visible, the coal seam is excavated and then
solved systematically mined in the form of lines . The coal is then loaded on
to large trucks or conveyors for transport to the coal processing plant or
directly to where the coal will be used .
COAL TRANSPORTATION
Ships
are generally used for international recognition given in the size range from
Handymax ( 40-60,000 DWT ) , Panamax ( about 60 to 80.000 dwt ) to the size of
the Capesize vessels ( approximately more than 80,000 DWT ) . Approximately 700
million tons of coal traded internationally in 2003 and approximately 90 % of
the amount transported by sea . - Deadweight tons DWT ( Deadweight ) which
refers to a deadweight capacity of a ship , including its cargo , fuel tank ,
clean water , deposits etc.
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